Monday, March 26, 2012

Prescription Drug Abuse a Big Problem in Ohio

Prescription drug abuse a big problem in Ohio
March 25, 2012

By PAT ROSS - Administrative Assistant, Columbiana County MHRS Board , Salem News

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LISBON - Ohio Governor John Kasich has made prescription drug abuse and addiction a project he has taken to heart. The recent death of pop superstar Whitney Houston, and the overdose deaths of other celebrities like Amy Winehouse, Michael Jackson, and Heath Ledger have put renewed focus across the nation of the troubling prescription drug abuse problem.

Kasich said, "Prescription drug abuse and addiction is an epidemic that I've taken head on. It's killing people, killing families, and killing communities. Corrupt doctors are preying on people and too many people are looking the other way. We're going to bring it to an end, and I've taken a number of steps to crack down on this crime. We also need to help those who've fallen into the grips of addiction so they can get treatment and get back to work."

While Houston's exact cause of death has not been released, officials say prescription drugs, including Xanax, Ativan, and Valium, which are used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders - and alcohol were found in the her Beverly Hills hotel room. The combination of these drugs with alcohol can make a potentially deadly cocktail.

Anti-anxiety medication were linked to the deaths of Winehouse, Jackson, and Ledger.

These drugs, as well as opiates such as OxyContin and Vicodin, and alcohol are all central nervous system depressants. When any of these - alone or in various combinations- are consumed in excessive amounts, the respiratory system can shut down, and death can occur.

The brain essentially falls asleep. Like alcohol, narcotic painkillers and anti-anxiety medications can be addictive.

Ohio does indeed have an opiate problem:

- From 2000 2008, there was more than a 300 percent increase in overdose deaths where opiates were listed on death certificates. (Source: Ohio Department of Health)

- In 2010, over 776 million doses of opiates were prescribed in Ohio. That equals 67 doses for every man, woman, and child in the state. (Ohio Automated Rx Reporting System)

- Prescription painkillers accounted for nearly 37 percent of unintentional overdose deaths in 2008. (Ohio Department of Health)

Last year, more than 1,000 individuals gathered in Columbus for Ohio's Opiate Epidemic: A Summit on Policy, Prevention, and Treatment.

The Summit brought together physicians, professionals from health care, addiction, prevention, and treatment, judges, prosecutors, and law enforcement professionals to gain a common understanding of the problems and best practice solutions to address opiate abuse, addiction, and diversion.

At the Summit, Governor Kasich announced the creation of a project designed to develop community opiate task forces in 10 Ohio communities and the Recovery to Work project that will help to provide treatment and vocational rehabilitation services to individuals in need.

Orman Hall, Director of the Ohio Department of Alcohol and Drug Addiction Services, (ODADAS) points out: "Oxycodone is virtually identical to heroin. Also alarming is the fact Americans account for 4.5 percent of the world's population, but we consume 99 percent of all the hydrocodone (Vicodin), and we consume 81 percent of all of the oxycodone (Percoset), which is OxyContin."

In the late 1990s, according to Hall, there were fundamental changes in chronic pain guidelines that resulted in rapid and dramatic escalation of prescription opiates. Dr. Douglas Teller, internal medicine and addiction medicine specialist for Kettering Health Network, adds that today's fast-paced society - in which deadlines loom and the pressure to succeed is great - has, in part, made Americans accustomed to quick fixes for pain management.

Experts warn that children can gain access to their parents' unused sedative or painkiller prescriptions and abuse them. All it takes is a naive teenager to drink alcohol, says Teller, and then pop Xanax and Vicodin to turn careless drug experimentation into respiratory arrest and death.

Eric Wandersleben, communications manager for ODADAS has this mantra: "Educate. Communicate. Safeguard." "Talk to your kids about the dangers of drugs. Whitney Houston's untimely death provides the perfect opportunity for parents or caregivers to sit down with their children and have that conversation," says Wandersleben. "They need to know the facts, the risks and the consequences." He also presses for proper disposal of unused prescription medications to make sure they don't get into the wrong hands. Each year, Columbiana County holds "Take Back Drugs" days where several sites are provided for proper disposal of drugs.

In Columbiana County, the number of adults receiving treatment for opiate abuse and addiction through the publicly funded treatment system has risen steadily over recent years, mirroring the state-wide epidemic.

In Fiscal Year 2008, 165 people were treated for opiate disorders. In only the first half of Fiscal Year 2012, 316 were in treatment.

The Columbiana County MHRS Board's priorities include prevention of substance abuse and the provision of effective treatment for persons with addictions. For more information, please call the MHRS Board at 330-424-0195, or visit the Board's website: www.ccmhrsb.org.

The ADAPT (Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention Team) Coalition, which is partially funded by the MHRS Board, is a great source of information for parents and community members who are interested in preventing youth substance abuse.

Contact ADAPT at 330-424-1468 or visit the ADAPT website at www.adaptcoalition.org.

Wednesday, March 21, 2012

Prescription Drug Abuse in Florida: An Epidemic of Deaths

Prescription Drug Abuse in Florida: An Epidemic of Deaths

Did you know:

-An average of 7 persons die everyday in Florida because of lethal overdoses from the illegal, non-medical misuse of one or more prescription drugs.

-An additional 7 persons die daily with at least one prescription drug detected often in combination with alcohol or other drugs. That is a total of 14 deaths per day in Florida related to prescription drug abuse.

-There were 5,275 persons who died in Florida during 2009 and another 2,579 in the first half of 2010 with at least one prescription drug in their system identified as either the cause of death or present in the decedent.

-Most of the deaths were preventable.

-Treatment admissions for prescription opioid addiction increased 5 1/2 times in Florida over the past decade. Among those aged 12 to 30, the number of prescription opioid treatment clients rose from 488 in 1999 to 7,649 in 2009, a 1,467-percent increase.

-The rate of hospital emergency department cases for non-medical oxycodone misuse among those aged 21-25 in South Florida is nearly double the national per capita rate.

-Florida leads nation in sale of oxycodone with over 400,000,000 pills sold annually.

-Benzodiazepines (e.g., Xanax, Klonopin, Valium) and muscle relaxants (e.g., Soma) are also frequently linked to overdose deaths and medical emergencies across Florida.

-As one of only 12 sales without an operating Prescription Drug Monitoring Program, Florida is a source supplier of illegally diverted controlled medications for the nation.

-Among Florida 12th graders in 2010, 11 percent have misused a prescription pain reliever non-medically in their life; 3.4 percent have done so in the last month.

-The number of infants treated for withdrawal symptoms in Florida hospitals increased 173-percent between 2006 and 2009; 635 cases were reported in the first half of 2010.


Published by United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse

Wednesday, June 15, 2011

Experts say prescription pill abuse leads New Jersey teenagers to heroin addiction

Experts say prescription pill abuse leads N.J. teenagers to heroin addiction

Published: Wednesday, June 15, 2011, 11:25 AM Updated: Wednesday, June 15, 2011, 11:26 AM


TRENTON — The use of prescription pills is becoming more prevalent among teenagers and is leading to heroin addiction, according to several experts currently testifying before the State Commission of Investigation.


The hearing is focusing on how teenagers gain access to prescription drugs, and how that addiction turns into a heroin addiction.

Prescription pills like Xanax are easily accessible to teenagers, and a "gateway drug" to heroin, law enforcement experts say.

Teenagers, more so in suburban areas, are getting pills from their parents' medicine cabinets, experts say. When pills become too expensive and provide an insufficient high, they turn to heroin.

Pills don't carry the same stigma as heroin, so it's not as big of a deal, experts say.

"Because the pills were manufactured for a legitimate medical purpose they don't have the same stigma," said Investigative Agent Rachel Denno.

According to the federal Center for Disease Control, 60 percent of prescription abuse users begin abusing pills before the age of 15.

The recent increase is occurring, in part, because of technological advances, Denno said. Drug dealers and users can use prepaid cell phones, internet sites and smart phone applications to get around law enforcement.

One confidential informant, via videotape, said his addiction began at 12-years-old. He started swallowing pills, which progressed to snorting, then injecting pills such as OxyContin and Xanax. When his body adjusted its tolerance level, and pills became too expensive, he turned to heroin.

"At that point it was desperation, it was complete desperation to the point where, wow I'm not getting high," said the informant, now 21 and clean for almost a year.

"When you start pills, you never touch heroin. That's disgusting, you know," the informant said. "It never crosses your mind until you get to that point."

The hearing, scheduled until 1 p.m., will also include two more confidential informants and several more law enforcement experts.

SCI commissioners hope the hearing and investigation will lead to legislative changes.

"To put it bluntly, today's young Percocet, Vicodin and OxyContin users are becoming tomorrow's heroin junkies," said Commission Chair Patrick Hobbs.

"This hearing is a major first step toward airing these difficult issues."

Wednesday, March 30, 2011

Who is Abusing Inhalants?

Who is Abusing Inhalants? By Cathy Brownfield When you think about inhalant abuse, who comes to mind? Is it the youth that snatches a butane lighter from the display at the convenience store or chooses the favorite chemical from the array of cleaning products found under the kitchen sink? Or the grown-up who sets the pace as the role model for others? Until now, preteens and teens were primary abusers of inhalants, usually males 13- to 15-years old, and on occasions such as rave parties and during sexual encounters may be used by those into their 20s, advises the American Council for Drug Education. Alcoholics may use inhalants to avoid withdrawal symptoms when they don't have access to alcohol. But a new report from SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration) released last week says, "Inhalant abuse is now a multi-generational problemA new government study shows that 54 percent of treatment admissions related to inhalants abuse in 2008 involved adults. Of those adult treatment admissions: 52 percent, ages 18-29 32 percent, ages 30-44 16 percent, age 45 or older. An estimated 1.1 million adults over age 18 used inhalants in the past year, more than crack (988,000), LSD (637,000), heroin (571,000) and PCP (75,000). "Just because a product is legal doesn't mean it's safe," said Gil Kerlikowske, director of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). "Our homes are increasingly becoming the source of dangerous drugs of abuse for young people. Whether these products are inhalants found under our sinks and in our utility rooms, or dangerous prescription drugs stored in our medicine cabinets, parents need to act today to protect our young people by securing these products and discussing the harms they can cause." A 42-year-old mother of a 16-year-old daughter actually passed out while driving and using. The legal system ordered treatment or she'd still be using. "As much as I don't like dealing with probation and all the money I have to pay out," said Erin Davis, "getting caught probably saved my life. I know I wouldn't have stopped. I couldn't." Said Dr. David Shurtleff, acting deputy director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) which is part of the National Institutes of health, "Most inhalants produce a rapid high that resembles alcohol intoxication. Given the wide availability of these substances and the severe health consequences they can produce, inhalant abuse is a serious problem. Just a single session of repeated inhalations can cause permanent organ damage or death." Inhalants are breathable, chemical vapors that users intentionally inhale because of the chemical's mind-altering effects. The substances inhaled are common household products that contain volatile solvents, aerosols or gases. Street names include whippits, poppers and snappers. NIDA offers the following signs indicative of inhalant abuse: - Chemical odors on breath or clothing. -Paint or other stains on face, hands and clothes. -Hidden empty spray paint or solvent containers and chemical-soaked rags or clothing -Drunk or disoriented appearance -Slurred speech -Nausea or loss of appetite -Inattentiveness, lack of coordination, irritability and depression. To read more about the study, visit online at www.samhsa.gov/newsroom/

Thursday, January 13, 2011

Cocaine and Crack Abuse

COCAINE AND CRACK ABUSE

Published by Medicine.net

Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug. The powdered hydrochloride salt form of cocaine can be snorted or dissolved in water and injected. Crack is cocaine base that has not been neutralized by an acid to make the hydrochloride salt. This form of cocaine comes in a rock crystal that is heated to produce vapors, which are smoked. The term "crack" refers to the crackling sound produced by the rock as it is heated.

How is Cocaine Abused?

Three routes of administration are commonly used for cocaine: snorting, injecting, and smoking. Snorting is the process of inhaling cocaine powder through the nose, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream through the nasal tissues. Injecting is the use of a needle to release the drug directly into the bloodstream. Smoking involves inhaling cocaine vapor or smoke into the lungs, where absorption into the bloodstream is as rapid as by injection. All three methods of cocaine abuse can lead to addiction and other severe health problems, including increasing the risk of contracting HIV and infectious diseases.

The intensity and duration of cocaine's effects, which include increased energy, reduced fatigue, and mental alertness, depend on the route of drug administration. The faster cocaine is absorbed into the bloodstream and delivered to the brain, the more intense the high. Injecting or smoking cocaine produces a quicker, stronger high than snorting. On the other hand, faster absorption usually means shorter duration of action. The high from snorting cocaine may last 15 to 30 minutes, but the high from smoking may last only 5 to 10 minutes. In order to sustain the high, a cocaine abuser has to administer the drug again. For this reason, cocaine is sometimes abused in binges -- taken repeatedly within a relatively short period of time, at increasingly high doses.

How Does Cocaine Affect the Brain?

Cocaine is a strong central nervous system stimulant that increases levels of dopamine, a brain chemical associated with pleasure and movement, in the brain's reward circuit. Certain brain cells, or neurons, use dopamine to communicate. Normally, dopamine is released by a neuron in response to a pleasurable signal (e.g., the smell of good food), and then recycled back into the cell that released it, shutting off the signal between neurons. Cocaine acts by preventing the dopamine from being recycled, causing excessive amounts of dopamine to build up, amplifying the message, and ultimately disrupting normal communication. It is this excess of dopamine that is responsible for cocaine's euphoric effects. With repeated use, cocaine can cause long-term changes in the brain's reward system and in other brain systems as well, which may eventually lead to addiction. With repeated use, tolerance to the cocaine high also often develops. Many cocaine abusers report that they seek but fail to achieve as much pleasure as they did from their first exposure. Some users will increase their dose in an attempt to intensify and prolong the euphoria, but this can also increase the risk of adverse psychological or physiological effects.

Thursday, November 4, 2010

Cocaine use on the rise in Australia

Cocaine use on the rise in Australia
September 8, 2010
By Dr Ananya Mandal, MD

The number of cocaine abuse related arrests has risen in Sydney's CBD and an increasing number of users of the drug are being treated in hospitals. According to the latest NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research figures arrests for possession and use of the drug have risen by 76.6 per cent in the past two years. In the first six months of this year 412 people were caught with cocaine in NSW - one more arrest than was made in all of 2008. Almost 100 people were caught with the drug in January alone. Five years ago police made 223 arrests in an entire year. Arrests for narcotics use and possession increased by 11.9 per cent over the same period.

This rise is attributed to increased law enforcement, but the bureau director, Don Weatherburn, said figures from hospital emergency departments also indicated an increase in the number of patients being treated for overdoses. Dr Weatherburn said, "The reason we know that it's not just a case of increased police activity is that overdoses on cocaine and overdoses on narcotics are going up and they have nothing to do with police activity… It's simply disingenuous to say this is nothing more than an increase in police activity." He said while the number of arrests for narcotics remained well down from the peak of 350 in one month in the late 1990s, the figure had been "creeping up" over the past two years.

According to the NSW Police Commissioner, Andrew Scipione the rise in drug crime means there is increasing interception on venues where drug use was suspected such as concerts, parties and hotels.

NSW Police Minister Michael Daley said the sharp rise in drug use, particularly cocaine, was a reflection of stronger law enforcement. He said, "Whilst we can speculate about the use of cocaine ... what we do know is that increased incidents of police vigilance and police work are having a marked effect on the amounts of cocaine and the incidents of cocaine apprehension." Mr Daley welcomed the positive outcomes in the report, saying some major crime had fallen as a result of a bigger police force and increased productivity.

According to Premier Kristina Keneally, "We have built up in this state with laws, equipment and conditions, the best-equipped the most professional police force in the country and one of the best police forces in the world." However, opposition police spokesman Mike Gallacher believes that this report reflects rise in drug abuse and sexual assaults that needed to be addressed.

Overall fall in crime rates

According to the NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research figures there is a significant reduction in incidents of domestic violence related assault, break and enter and retail premises, and malicious damage to property. The instances of domestic violence related assaults fell by 29.7 per cent (from 172 to 121). Break and enter offences on retail premises dropped by 32.4 per cent (from 309 to 171), more than double the state wide reduction of 15.3 per cent. The incidents of people maliciously damaging property in the area fell from 806 to 647 over the 24-month period, a reduction of 19.7 per cent - more than double the NSW average of 9.7 per cent.

Inspector Murray Gillett said Clarence police were working hard to achieve a continual reduction of all crimes across the Valley. He said, "These statistics are a result of a collaborative approach between the community and the police. This is the result of some sustained, prolonged direct targeting of offenders using specific strategies that have been tried and proven successful."

Wednesday, October 6, 2010

Texas Rangers' Josh Hamilton finds strength after misstep in recovery from drug, alcohol addiction

10:38 AM CDT on Sunday, October 3, 2010
By S.C. GWYNNE / The Dallas Morning News
sgwynne@dallasnews.com
On the chilly morning of Jan. 22, 2009, when everything else in her life seemed to be working out perfectly, Katie Hamilton received a phone call at her home outside Raleigh, N.C.


Josh Hamilton It was her husband, Josh, calling from Tempe, Ariz., where he had gone to a boot camp for athletes. Hamilton had become famous the year before for leading the American League in runs batted in and making the All-Star team in his first full season as a major leaguer.

Also Online Link: Triple Play Ministries

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But he was equally famous for beating a harrowing addiction to drugs and liquor, one that had kept a player often compared to Mickey Mantle out of Major League Baseball until he was 26 years old.

And now he was calling his wife to tell her, through choking sobs, that after three years of sobriety, he had relapsed. He had gone out late the previous evening, alone, to a pizza restaurant, which happened to have a bar. He had a vodka and cranberry juice, then another, then went to a bar and had many more. He told her he didn't remember everything that happened, but that there might be "pictures." Katie told him to come home, and then she prayed.

Seven months later, photos appeared on the Internet that revealed a drunken Josh cavorting with three young women in the bar. Whipped cream was involved. The pictures caused a sensation. Hamilton, who had already told the Texas Rangers and Major League Baseball what happened, now confessed to the rest of the world.

Though his relapse only lasted one night, it held critical lessons for Hamilton, his family, and his team. The first was, now that he had become a star, any sins he committed would be instant headline news. Second, and far more important, was the notion that Hamilton had not beaten his addiction at all. While he had made enormous strides in his recovery, he was in some ways still the hair-trigger addict he had been since he started using cocaine and whiskey in 2001.

The result was a change in how Hamilton, 29, handles his own life and how he is handled by others, even as he helps lead the Rangers into the playoffs for the first time in 11 years.

Since he stopped using drugs and liquor in late 2005, he has worked to build a system of checks and balances around him, to fill his idle time and to avoid the "triggers" of his addiction.


Support system

But the relapse caused him to redouble those efforts, and he is now assisted by a complex, multilayered support system of his own design that is probably without precedent at this level of professional sports. It is rooted in his Christian beliefs and his rigorous daily devotions. Its primary components are his wife, his parents, and a host of "accountability partners" that include a Texas Rangers coach, pastors from three churches, his Christian sports agent and his father-in-law. A set of strict rules dictates what he can and can't do.

The system also addresses the way he spends his time away from the game. He increasingly sees virtually everything he does outside of baseball as a ministry, and as such a more permanent way of dealing with his addiction.

He and Katie founded Triple Play Ministries several years ago, and it has become the conduit for the dozens of off-season public appearances they make. He has his own Christian baseball camps, and even a project to build an orphanage in Uganda. It is the success of this intricately balanced life – he has been clean since that night in Tempe – that has allowed him to have an electrifying, MVP-caliber season.

"I don't want to call the relapse in Tempe a blessing in disguise, but you have to look at the positives," says Rangers general manager Jon Daniels. "It was a reminder to Josh that he can't sneak off, that this can't happen privately. It made his system for dealing with it that much stronger."

The foundation of Hamilton's recovery is his religion, which dominates his life and his conversation.

"The biggest thing we want to do is to share Jesus Christ with people," says Hamilton, sitting in the corner of the Rangers dugout, resplendent in yellowish-green mirrored sunglasses, on his second day in the lineup after being out with a rib injury. His trademark blue flame tattoos adorn his massive biceps. "The whole objective of the ministry is to do that, whether by speaking in public or by doing hospital visits to kids during the holidays, or baseball camps."

Josh and Katie are very much a team, and have come a long way since the darkest days of his addiction in 2005, when she went to court to get a restraining order against him. The two of them, with help from their pastor Jimmy Carroll in Raleigh, designed the system that is now in place to keep Josh sober.

The system's core is a network of people – Josh and Katie use the Christian term "accountability partners" when discussing them – with whom Josh keeps in close contact. Carroll is one. Another is Katie's father, Michael "Big Daddy" Chadwick, a former drug user and seller who became a successful homebuilder in Raleigh and who now runs his own Christian youth ministry. There is also James Robison, the televangelist and founder and president of the Christian relief organization Life Outreach International. And there is Hamilton's agent, Mike Moye, who runs a Christ-centered sports agency.

"They are all Josh's good friends," says Katie. "He seeks advice from them, and godly counsel. Pastor Jimmy has been in our lives for many years and is extremely influential. James Robison is someone Josh calls, if not daily, then close to daily."

Says Josh: "It is very important to my recovery and my walk with Christ that I have people like that around me. They always call or text at the right time."